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MySQL单机多实例部署

迎刃MySQLMySQL大约 4 分钟

MySQL单机多实例部署

1. 下载官方安装包

进入MySQL官网下载页面

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

选择需要的版本，这里我们选择：5.7.36，Linux通用，64位。如下所示：

安装包选择

下载完成后将文件传输到linux服务器，准备开始安装

2. 安装MySQL

注意：

  1. 本文安装步骤基于RedHat7/CentOS7，并可适用于Debian、Ubuntu等操作系统。
  2. 本文安装步骤基于3306端口，如果你想使用其他端口启动，手工把端口改为3307即可。

2.1. 创建目录

#建立MySQL二进制包目录
mkdir -p /servers/packages/mysql5.7.39
#建立MySQL实例相关目录
mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/log
mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/binlog
mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/iblog
mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/tmpdir
mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/ibdata
mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/run/
chmod 755 /servers/data/mysql

2.2. 解压安装包

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /servers/packages/mysql5.7.39

2.3. 建立mysql用户并授权

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /servers/data/mysql

2.4 写初始化配置文件

#写初始配置文件
 
cat > /servers/data/mysql/3306/auto.cnf << EOF 
[mysql]
prompt=\\u@\\v \\d \\r:\\m:\\s>
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 512M
[mysqld]
  
# 目录、端口根据实际情况调整
port                                     = 3306
socket                                   = /servers/data/mysql/3306/run/mysqld.sock
datadir                                  = /servers/data/mysql/3306/data
pid_file                                 = /servers/data/mysql/3306/run/mysqld.pid
log_error                                = /servers/data/mysql/3306/log/mysqld-err.log
log_bin                                  = /servers/data/mysql/3306/binlog/mysql-bin
relay_log                                = /servers/data/mysql/3306/binlog/mysqld-relay-bin
innodb_log_group_home_dir                = /servers/data/mysql/3306/iblog
tmpdir                                   = /servers/data/mysql/3306/tmpdir
innodb_data_home_dir                     = /servers/data/mysql/3306/ibdata
slow_query_log_file                      = /servers/data/mysql/3306/log/mysqld-slow.log
innodb_undo_directory                    = /servers/data/mysql/3306/iblog
  
# 每个实例的server_id需要不同
server_id                                = 10001
  
# 是否区分大小写
lower_case_table_names                   = 1
  
# 字符集及排序规则
collation_server                         = utf8mb4_bin
character_set_server                     = utf8mb4
  
# 隔离级别
transaction-isolation                    = READ-COMMITTED
  
# size调整为${MEM} , instance根据size调整，保证每个instance最少1G                        
innodb_buffer_pool_size                  = 1500M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances             = 1
  
# 读写线程调整为${CPU/2}                       
innodb_read_io_threads                   = 4
innodb_write_io_threads                  = 4
  
# 调整为${CPU} ，若你的机器MySQL专用，则调整为 0                       
innodb_thread_concurrency                 = 0
  
  
bind_address                             = 0.0.0.0                     
user                                     = mysql
skip_external_locking
  
# 跳过域名解析
skip_name_resolve
  
# 连接相关参数                      
max_connections                          = 3000
max_user_connections                     = 0
max_connect_errors                       = 2000
  
  
# innodb
innodb_strict_mode                       = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown      = 0
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup       = 0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout                 = 20
innodb_sort_buffer_size                  = 1048576
innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages     = 64
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size         = 4G
innodb_rollback_on_timeout               = 1
innodb_page_cleaners                     = 8
innodb_undo_log_truncate                 = 1
innodb_sync_spin_loops                   = 30
innodb_spin_wait_delay                   = 6
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode                 = 2     
innodb_monitor_enable                    = all
innodb_fill_factor                       = 70
innodb_flush_neighbors                   = 0
innodb_io_capacity                       = 10000
innodb_thread_sleep_delay                = 5000
innodb_adaptive_max_sleep_delay          = 100000
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct               = 70
innodb_max_purge_lag                     = 500000
innodb_purge_batch_size                  = 1000
innodb_adaptive_hash_index_parts         = 16
innodb_data_file_path                    = ibdata1:2G:autoextend
innodb_large_prefix                      = 1
innodb_stats_auto_recalc                 = 1
innodb_stats_persistent                     = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit           = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size            = 32M
innodb_undo_tablespaces                     = 4
innodb_flush_method                      = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_compressed_pages              = 0
innodb_print_all_deadlocks               = 1
innodb_purge_threads                     = 16
innodb_sync_array_size                   = 64
innodb_open_files                        = 64535
innodb_log_file_size                     = 1024M 
  
  
# replication
binlog_format                            = row
binlog_cache_size                        = 32768
max_binlog_size                          = 512M
max_binlog_cache_size                    = 4G
expire_logs_days                         = 10
log_slave_updates                        = 1
slave_parallel_type                      = logical_clock
slave_parallel_workers                   = 64
slave_pending_jobs_size_max              = 512M
enforce_gtid_consistency                 = 1
master_info_repository                   = table
relay_log_info_repository                = table
slave_net_timeout                        = 60
relay_log_recovery                       = 1
sync_binlog                              = 1
master_verify_checksum                   = 1
sync_master_info                         = 0
sync_relay_log                           = 0
sync_relay_log_info                      = 0
slave_rows_search_algorithms             = "INDEX_SCAN,HASH_SCAN"
slave_skip_errors                        = 1397
  
table_open_cache                         = 20480
table_definition_cache                   = 10240
table_open_cache_instances               = 32
open_files_limit                         = 655340
slow_query_log                           = 1
long_query_time                          = 0.1
lock_wait_timeout                        = 60
thread_stack                             = 192K
disabled_storage_engines                 = "MyISAM"
bulk_insert_buffer_size                  = 64M
  
performance_schema                       = 1
max_allowed_packet                       = 512M
innodb_log_buffer_size                   = 256M
max_prepared_stmt_count                  = 200000
gtid_mode                                = 1
log_timestamps                           = SYSTEM
thread_cache_size                        = 8
log_bin_trust_function_creators          = 1
log_statements_unsafe_for_binlog         = 0
max_heap_table_size                      = 33554432
max_relay_log_size                       = 104857600
metadata_locks_hash_instances            = 128
tmp_table_size                           = 33554432
default_storage_engine                   = innodb
default_tmp_storage_engine               = InnoDB
join_buffer_size                         = 2097152
read_rnd_buffer_size                     = 2097152
sort_buffer_size                         = 2097152
read_buffer_size                         = 2097152
innodb_log_files_in_group                = 4
innodb_doublewrite                       = 1
innodb_lru_scan_depth                    = 1024
sync_frm                                 = 1
query_alloc_block_size                   = 16384
query_cache_size                         = 0
query_prealloc_size                      = 24576
sql_mode                                 = "NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLE"
local_infile                             = 0
secure_auth                              = 1
default_time_zone                        = SYSTEM
secure_file_priv                         = ""
skip_ssl                                 = 1
read_only                                = 0
interactive_timeout                         = 28800
wait_timeout                             = 28800
connect_timeout                             = 10
query_cache_type                         = 0
log_queries_not_using_indexes            = 0
log_slow_admin_statements                = 1
log_slow_slave_statements                = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes   = 10
auto_increment_increment                 = 1
auto_increment_offset                    = 1
back_log                                 = 1024
EOF
 
 
chown -R mysql.mysql /servers/data/mysql

注：最后这步 chown 授权不要漏掉。不然初始化会报错。

2.5. 初始化MySQL实例

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/servers/packages/mysql5.7.39/bin/" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
mysqld --defaults-file=/servers/data/mysql/3306/auto.cnf --initialize --basedir=/servers/packages/mysql5.7.39

注：

1). 初始化若报错error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1 执行 yum -y install numactl

2). 初始化若报错error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1

执行 yum -y install libaio*

3). 初始化完成的密码会输出到/servers/data/mysql/3306/log/mysqld-err.log

2.6. 修改MySQL启动文件

# 复制启动文件
cp -a /servers/packages/mysql5.7.39/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/my3306.server


# 编辑启动文件
vim /etc/init.d/my3306.server


# 修改如下几行：（下面的#代表原来文件中的内容，不带#的代表要修改成为的内容，如果你的端口是3307，则也需要把限免的3306改为3307）
# basedir=
basedir=/servers/packages/mysql5.7.39
# datadir=
datadir=/servers/data/mysql/3306/data
# mysqld_pid_file_path=
mysqld_pid_file_path=/servers/data/mysql/3306/run/mysqld.pid
# $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/servers/data/mysql/3306/auto.cnf >/dev/null &

2.7. 启动MySQL

#启动
/etc/init.d/my3306.server start

2.8. 修改初始化密码，添加新用户

# 连接mysql，此步骤需要2.5章节生成的密码
mysql -uroot -p -S /servers/data/mysql/3306/run/mysqld.sock

# 连接成功后重置密码，不然无法操作
set password for root@'localhost' = PASSWORD("root");

# 添加新用户
grant all on *.* to mysql@'127.0.0.1' identified by "mysql" with grant option;
flush privileges;
quit

# 测试新用户
mysql -umysql -pmysql -h127.0.0.1

注：本步骤若报错：mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory。

则需要执行：

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.5
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5

3. 总结

本文描述的安装方式不同于rpm或者deb包直接安装，此种安装方式可以自定义数据库数据、日志目录，以及能够在同一台物理服务器中启动多个MySQL实例（在生产环境中比较建议一台服务器部署多个MySQL实例）。

本次安装到此结束了，有什么问题欢迎评论留言，我会及时答复。

后续也会发布更多关于MySQL的技术文档，如果这篇对你有帮助，希望能赞同关注。

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本文转载自：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/466946104

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