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Java 9 - 21：新特性解读（持续连载）

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Java 9 - 21：新特性解读（持续连载）

2022年3月下旬的时候，Java已经更新到了18。但我们似乎很多开发者的Java认识还都停留在Java 8，所以DD计划做一个新的专栏内容，专注分享Java前沿知识，内容将涵盖从Java 9 - 最新版本的各种有意思的新特性解读，持续连载！收藏起来！

以下内容中，不是每一个点都会特别开一篇来介绍，能简单说明且与我们日常开发关系不大的，就不单独开篇了。

对于Preview功能，如果您不知道如何运行，可以查看Java新特性中的Preview功能如何运行和调试

Java 21

2023年9月20日，Oracle公司宣布Java 21正式发布。该版本是继JDK 17之后最新的长期支持版本（LTS），将获得至少8年的支持！

Java 21 号称具有数千项性能、稳定性和安全性改进。新的 JDK 21 包括对 15 项改进的抢先体验，这些增强功能是在 Oracle CloudWorld 2023 会议上宣布的，包括支持虚拟线程以提高整体吞吐量，以及增加对向量应用编程接口（API）的支持，从而更轻松地构建涉及人工智能 AI 模型的 Java 应用。

该版本主要有以下特性，我们将在Java新特性专栏中，持续连载解读各项更新，欢迎关注收藏！

以下是预览和孵化特性

  • 430: String Templates (Preview)
  • 442: Foreign Function & Memory API (Third Preview)
  • 443: Unnamed Patterns and Variables (Preview)
  • 445: Unnamed Classes and Instance Main Methods (Preview)
  • 446: Scoped Values (Preview)：还在测试中的一项新功能，可让您共享线程内和线程间无法更改的数据。这比使用线程局部变量更好，特别是当您使用大量虚拟线程时。线程局部变量存在一些问题，例如它们可能会更改太多、持续时间太长以及使用成本昂贵。作用域值（Scoped Values）允许您在大型程序的各个部分之间安全地共享数据，而无需使用方法参数。这个想法在JDK 20中得到了测试。
  • 448: Vector API (Sixth Incubator)
  • 453: Structured Concurrency (Preview)

Java 20

该版本推出的均为孵化与预览功能，所以这里不做单独的详细解读，大部分内容均放在Java 21中介绍。

以下内容在Java 21中正式定稿：

以下内容在Java 21中继续迭代：

  • 429: Scoped Values (Incubator)
  • 434: Foreign Function & Memory API (Second Preview)
  • 437: Structured Concurrency (Second Incubator)
  • 438: Vector API (Fifth Incubator)

Java 19

该版本推出的均为孵化与预览功能，所以这里不做单独的详细解读，大部分内容均放在Java 21中介绍。

  • 422: Linux/RISC-V Port

以下预览特性在Java 21中正式定稿：

以下内容在Java 21中继续迭代：

  • 424: Foreign Function & Memory API (Preview)
  • 426: Vector API (Fourth Incubator)
  • 428: Structured Concurrency (Incubator)

Java 18

Java 17

  • 306: Restore Always-Strict Floating-Point Semantics
  • 356: Enhanced Pseudo-Random Number Generators
  • 382: New macOS Rendering Pipeline
  • 391: macOS/AArch64 Port
  • 398: Deprecate the Applet API for Removal
  • 403: Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals
  • 406: Pattern Matching for switch (Preview)
  • 407: Remove RMI Activation
  • 409: Sealed Classes
  • 410: Remove the Experimental AOT and JIT Compiler
  • 411: Deprecate the Security Manager for Removal
  • 412: Foreign Function & Memory API (Incubator)
  • 414: Vector API (Second Incubator)
  • 415: Context-Specific Deserialization Filters

Java 16

  • 338: Vector API (Incubator)
  • 347: Enable C++14 Language Features
  • 357: Migrate from Mercurial to Git
  • 369: Migrate to GitHub
  • 376: ZGC: Concurrent Thread-Stack Processing
  • 380: Unix-Domain Socket Channels
  • 386: Alpine Linux Port
  • 387: Elastic Metaspace
  • 388: Windows/AArch64 Port
  • 389: Foreign Linker API (Incubator)
  • 390: Warnings for Value-Based Classes
  • 392: Packaging Tool
  • 393: Foreign-Memory Access API (Third Incubator)
  • 394: Pattern Matching for instanceof
  • 395: Records
  • 396: Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals by Default
  • 397: Sealed Classes (Second Preview)

Java 15

  • 339: Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
  • 360: Sealed Classes (Preview)
  • 371: Hidden Classes
  • 372: Remove the Nashorn JavaScript Engine
  • 373: Reimplement the Legacy DatagramSocket API
  • 374: Disable and Deprecate Biased Locking
  • 375: Pattern Matching for instanceof (Second Preview)
  • 377: ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector
  • 378: Text Blocks
  • 379: Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector
  • 381: Remove the Solaris and SPARC Ports
  • 383: Foreign-Memory Access API (Second Incubator)
  • 384: Records (Second Preview)
  • 385: Deprecate RMI Activation for Removal

Java 14

  • 305: Pattern Matching for instanceof (Preview)
  • 343: Packaging Tool (Incubator)
  • 345: NUMA-Aware Memory Allocation for G1
  • 349: JFR Event Streaming
  • 352: Non-Volatile Mapped Byte Buffers
  • 358: Helpful NullPointerExceptions
  • 359: Records (Preview)
  • 361: Switch Expressions (Standard)
  • 362: Deprecate the Solaris and SPARC Ports
  • 363: Remove the Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS) Garbage Collector
  • 364: ZGC on macOS
  • 365: ZGC on Windows
  • 366: Deprecate the ParallelScavenge + SerialOld GC Combination
  • 367: Remove the Pack200 Tools and API
  • 368: Text Blocks (Second Preview)
  • 370: Foreign-Memory Access API (Incubator)

Java 13

  • 350: Dynamic CDS Archives
  • 351: ZGC: Uncommit Unused Memory
  • 353: Reimplement the Legacy Socket API
  • 354: Switch Expressions (Preview)
  • 355: Text Blocks (Preview)

Java 12

  • 189: Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector (Experimental)
  • 230: Microbenchmark Suite
  • 325: Switch Expressions (Preview)
  • 334: JVM Constants API
  • 340: One AArch64 Port, Not Two
  • 341: Default CDS Archives
  • 344: Abortable Mixed Collections for G1
  • 346: Promptly Return Unused Committed Memory from G1

Java 11

  • 181: Nest-Based Access Control
  • 309: Dynamic Class-File Constants
  • 315: Improve Aarch64 Intrinsics
  • 318: Epsilon: A No-Op Garbage Collector
  • 320: Remove the Java EE and CORBA Modules
  • 321: HTTP Client (Standard)
  • 323: Local-Variable Syntax for Lambda Parameters
  • 324: Key Agreement with Curve25519 and Curve448
  • 327: Unicode 10
  • 328: Flight Recorder
  • 329: ChaCha20 and Poly1305 Cryptographic Algorithms
  • 330: Launch Single-File Source-Code Programs
  • 331: Low-Overhead Heap Profiling
  • 332: Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3
  • 333: ZGC: A Scalable Low-Latency Garbage Collector(Experimental)
  • 335: Deprecate the Nashorn JavaScript Engine
  • 336: Deprecate the Pack200 Tools and API

Java 10

  • 286: Local-Variable Type Inference
  • 296: Consolidate the JDK Forest into a Single Repository
  • 304: Garbage-Collector Interface
  • 307: Parallel Full GC for G1
  • 310: Application Class-Data Sharing
  • 312: Thread-Local Handshakes
  • 313: Remove the Native-Header Generation Tool (javah)
  • 314: Additional Unicode Language-Tag Extensions
  • 316: Heap Allocation on Alternative Memory Devices
  • 317: Experimental Java-Based JIT Compiler
  • 319: Root Certificates
  • 322: Time-Based Release Versioning

Java 9

  • 102: Process API Updates
  • 110: HTTP 2 Client
  • 143: Improve Contended Locking
  • 158: Unified JVM Logging
  • 165: Compiler Control
  • 193: Variable Handles
  • 197: Segmented Code Cache
  • 199: Smart Java Compilation, Phase Two
  • 200: The Modular JDK
  • 201: Modular Source Code
  • 211: Elide Deprecation Warnings on Import Statements
  • 212: Resolve Lint and Doclint Warnings
  • 213: Milling Project Coin
  • 214: Remove GC Combinations Deprecated in JDK 8
  • 215: Tiered Attribution for javac
  • 216: Process Import Statements Correctly
  • 217: Annotations Pipeline 2.0
  • 219: Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)
  • 220: Modular Run-Time Images
  • 221: Simplified Doclet API
  • 222: jshell: The Java Shell (Read-Eval-Print Loop)
  • 223: New Version-String Scheme
  • 224: HTML5 Javadoc
  • 225: Javadoc Search
  • 226: UTF-8 Property Files
  • 227: Unicode 7.0
  • 228: Add More Diagnostic Commands
  • 229: Create PKCS12 Keystores by Default
  • 231: Remove Launch-Time JRE Version Selection
  • 232: Improve Secure Application Performance
  • 233: Generate Run-Time Compiler Tests Automatically
  • 235: Test Class-File Attributes Generated by javac
  • 236: Parser API for Nashorn
  • 237: Linux/AArch64 Port
  • 238: Multi-Release JAR Files
  • 240: Remove the JVM TI hprof Agent
  • 241: Remove the jhat Tool
  • 243: Java-Level JVM Compiler Interface
  • 244: TLS Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Extension
  • 245: Validate JVM Command-Line Flag Arguments
  • 246: Leverage CPU Instructions for GHASH and RSA
  • 247: Compile for Older Platform Versions
  • 248: Make G1 the Default Garbage Collector
  • 249: OCSP Stapling for TLS
  • 250: Store Interned Strings in CDS Archives
  • 251: Multi-Resolution Images
  • 252: Use CLDR Locale Data by Default
  • 253: Prepare JavaFX UI Controls & CSS APIs for Modularization
  • 254: Compact Strings
  • 255: Merge Selected Xerces 2.11.0 Updates into JAXP
  • 256: BeanInfo Annotations
  • 257: Update JavaFX/Media to Newer Version of GStreamer
  • 258: HarfBuzz Font-Layout Engine
  • 259: Stack-Walking API
  • 260: Encapsulate Most Internal APIs
  • 261: Module System
  • 262: TIFF Image I/O
  • 263: HiDPI Graphics on Windows and Linux
  • 264: Platform Logging API and Service
  • 265: Marlin Graphics Renderer
  • 266: More Concurrency Updates
  • 267: Unicode 8.0
  • 268: XML Catalogs
  • 269: Convenience Factory Methods for Collections
  • 270: Reserved Stack Areas for Critical Sections
  • 271: Unified GC Logging
  • 272: Platform-Specific Desktop Features
  • 273: DRBG-Based SecureRandom Implementations
  • 274: Enhanced Method Handles
  • 275: Modular Java Application Packaging
  • 276: Dynamic Linking of Language-Defined Object Models
  • 277: Enhanced Deprecation
  • 278: Additional Tests for Humongous Objects in G1
  • 279: Improve Test-Failure Troubleshooting
  • 280: Indify String Concatenation
  • 281: HotSpot C++ Unit-Test Framework
  • 282: jlink: The Java Linker
  • 283: Enable GTK 3 on Linux
  • 284: New HotSpot Build System
  • 285: Spin-Wait Hints
  • 287: SHA-3 Hash Algorithms
  • 288: Disable SHA-1 Certificates
  • 289: Deprecate the Applet API
  • 290: Filter Incoming Serialization Data
  • 291: Deprecate the Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS) Garbage Collector
  • 292: Implement Selected ECMAScript 6 Features in Nashorn
  • 294: Linux/s390x Port
  • 295: Ahead-of-Time Compilation
  • 297: Unified arm32/arm64 Port
  • 298: Remove Demos and Samples
  • 299: Reorganize Documentation

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